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Student loans in Germany
German universities are usually free for students (although many Federal States of Germany have introduced a student fee of €1000 per year since 2006[1]). Giving out student loans and grants is seen as a means to pave the way to higher education for children whose parents can't afford to fund their children's education otherwise. The federal law that regulates these student loans and grants is called "Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz" (Federal Training Assistance Act) or "BAföG" [ˈbaːfœk] for short, and the loans, grants, and combinations thereof are usually referred to simply as "BAföG" by students (as in "I'm getting BAföG"). Eligible groups include high school students, part-time and full-time university students, second path education students (i.e., those starting to study after having been in the workforce), and students of schools for professional training.
Eligibility dependent on
parent income
The eligibility for student loans is (usually) dependent from parent income, as
parents are required by law to fund their children's education (including higher
education), and therefore students could theoretically sue their parents for
funds for their education (although this is rarely done for obvious reasons).
For low-income families, BAföG loans take over when these obligations can not
reasonably be met by parents.
BAföG-loans are usually given out half as zero interest loan (to be repaid only
after the receiver exceeds a certain income level after graduation) and half as
grant money to university students. High school students get the full amount as
grant money if they are eligible. The current maximum amount per month (for a
university student) is 585 euros (until Sep 2008, then 643 euros). This can be
lowered gradually if student or parent income or student assets exceed certain
amounts. Thus the amount paid out can be lower than the maximum amount and even
loans of 1 euro per month are given out if the calculation returns that amount.
Such low grants seem nonsensical at first, but they are usually accepted by
students (loans can be refused by the student), because eligibility for a BAföG
loan (even of 1 euro per month) makes the student eligible for some other
benefits like cut-rate telephone service or waiving of public television licence
fees (which otherwise are paid by everyone who owns a working TV set).
Generally, BAföG loans are independent from student achievement or grades at
least for two years. After that, a certain minimum grade level has to be met and
proof of participation in required, but ungraded courses, needs to be provided
to stay eligible. Change of field of study is allowed once during the first two
years without becoming ineligible. For university studies, every field of study
has predefined a maximum study duration (usually around five years), after which
the student becomes ineligible for BAföG. Further funds can be granted as
low-interest loan for another two years if certain criteria (like reasonable
likelihood that the student will graduate during that time) are met.
Other than with BAföG you can also finance your studies with Bildungskredit from
KfW, Bildungsfonds, or a Scholarship.
Eligibility independent from parent income
In some cases, like most notably if the student has worked full time for a
number of years before returning to student status, BAföG eligibility is
calculated independent from parent income, because parents' obligation to fund
their children's education ends once the children enter the workforce full-time.
In those cases, only student income and assets are consulted for BAföG
eligibility and amount calculation.
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